Which chemical manners, through biotechnology and genetic engineering, are concerned to make new drugs?

Answer

The correct answer is DNA. ### Explanation: Biotechnology and genetic engineering play crucial roles in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in the development of new drugs. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the significance of DNA in this context: 1. **Role of DNA**: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) serves as the genetic blueprint for living organisms. It contains the instructions needed for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. In biotechnology, manipulating DNA allows scientists to create genetic modifications that lead to the production of new drugs. 2. **Gene Cloning**: Techniques like gene cloning involve copying specific segments of DNA to produce proteins that can be used as drugs. For example, insulin, which is used to treat diabetes, is produced by inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria, which then produces insulin in large quantities. 3. **Recombinant DNA Technology**: This is a technology that uses recombinant DNA molecules to produce new genetic combinations with desirable traits. Through this process, scientists can insert genes from one organism into another, thus enabling the production of new drugs. 4. **Biopharmaceuticals**: Many modern drugs are biopharmaceuticals, which are produced through biotechnology using DNA technology. Examples include monoclonal antibodies and vaccines that require precise modifications at the DNA level for effective production. In conclusion, the focus on DNA in biotechnology allows for innovations in drug development that would be impossible without understanding and manipulating genetic material.